Fiscal Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Fiscal Policy - Essay Example Excess of government expenditure over revenue is called the fiscal deficit. Managing the budget to adjust revenues, expenditures and public debt are necessary for achieving full employment without inflation; at least it is a balancing act with such intentions on the part of the government. When the economy is in a downtrend, the need for compensatory spending by the government arises. In that case, it should be a deficit budget, and on the other hand, during times of stability and growth, the surplus budget is preferred. If the government aims full employment, which in turn is expected to reduce the level unemployment benefits given to people, budgetary balance carries less importance in the government’s policies. â€Å"†¦the president's proposals generate a federal deficit of $900 billion in fiscal 2013. If it is verified, that would be America's first deficit of less than $1 trillion since the 2008 fiscal year. It would also represent a reduction in the deficit, as a s hare of GDP, from 8.5% to 5.5%† (R.A., 2012). There are multifarious factors at play which determines the fiscal deficit and increase in government debt. The decrease in tax revenues and increase in public expenditure causes budget deficits which lead to increase in public debt. Increase in public borrowing by the government sucks the liquidity in the economy, and therefore, this should be effectively used as a tool to combat inflation and regulate the speed of the growth to avoid overheating in the economy.

OD Skills Simulation 12.1 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

OD Skills Simulation 12.1 - Coursework Example ter weighing all the leasing options available at our disposal, I thought it wise that the regional office building would be the ideal locality for our offices, as its total cost stands at approximately $53,000 which fits well within the budget of Vernal Corporation. Apart from the moderate room that would serve as the main office of the organization, we would occupy one conference room and use it to habitually host our clientele and at the same time conduct a few company operations. I similarly settled on the regional office building due to its high prestige, which would supplement our corporation as most of our customers and organizational partners would find it appealing (McCarthy, 2008). The locality within which the regional office building is situated has a variety of houses, a factor that would come a long way in making sure that my colleagues do not have a difficult time in settling. In addition, the half hour duration to be spent to and from the offices would make us slightly efficient. The regional office building similarly stood out because it had a coffee shop and restaurants within the office block, as well as a kitchen and a coffee area for those who would be interested in preparing their own meals. In conclusion, I held the opinion that the presence of miscellaneous services such as a gym and hair parlor, would make our stay within the region much comfortable, hence ensuring that we channel most of our energy into discharging our

Can Transparency Make Organizational Responsibility More Effective?

Can Transparency Make Organizational Responsibility More Effective? Why should SystemX be so concerned about the capabilities of SoftGuides data -processing? SystemX should be concerned because SoftGuides data processing system was inadequate to handle new products plan. What competitive advantages to a training and consultancy services company may be provided by an information system? The competitive advantages to a training and consultancy services company are their competency of producing new product. The data processing can be used at any level of with any system. The security of the information that the system can provide. And how well the reliability of the system could give to their customers. Case 2: If these revisions are correct, how is planning to be organized? How should the information system support the planning organization? The planning must be organized continually adjust to the environment. The information system support the planning organization is by support activities to make sure that business strategies are being efficiently employed. The example of an information system could be used to support the planning organization is Enterprise resource planning which could help integrates internal and external management information across an entire organization. Can the information system aid in achieving shared values? Yes, the information system can aid in achieving shared values because as the revisions had said it is the most vital fluid in an enterprise. How might a comprehensive system be used to stifle initiative? To stifle the initiative in a comprehensive system are the renewal and adjustment of the activities of a firm should not come from the different levels in the management hierarchy. Case 3: What can be the drawback of having a formal system as mentioned in point 5? The drawback when having a formal mechanism for review and reiteration of the systems plan is they will missed all informal information flows come from chance meetings, reading magazines or newspapers. All procedure will have to go on with the assigned procedure, which will be a problem to the new MIS executives who are still on experimenting with the strategic planning. Can transparency make organizational responsibility more effective? Transparency can make organizational responsibility more effective because transparency of information and directives in turn allows members of an organization to more fully understand the reason behind the processes and this knowledge is going to have a tendency to encourage higher degrees of participation. In the long run this is of value because it helps a company have an easier transition falling into compliance. Case 4: Try to guess what the consultant said? What the consultant trying to say is there is a problem with the database integrity and the system reliability. Justify the use of technical jargon. Technical Jargon is words that are used by a person in a particular field when they are talking about some aspect of the field they are in and the specialized or technical language of a trade, profession, or similar group. It typically would not be understood by someone not involved with the same profession or group. Case 5: In the light of the system, describe the decisions to be made in the area of strategic planning, managerial control and operational control? What information would you require to make such decisions? Strategic planning strategic planning include the budget for the restaurant, the target market, policy and objectives. It comparing weekly sales and the food cost that enable them to plan tighter cost. This strategic planning will help in forecast in budget, the development of operating plan profit and human resource Managerial control The managerial control will get customer feedback and responsible to customer satisfaction. From that, managerial control makes decision related to customer at the restaurant. Operational control operational control will make decision on transaction processing in the restaurant. That includes takes order, tracking order, control of machine, and pay back compensation. Information needed to make such decisions above is strategic information that already compiled such as budget information, profit and capital information. Information of operational also needed like daily sales and billing in order to make the decision especially at the operational control. The information required to make these decisions can be strategic, tactical or operational information. What would make the system a more complete MIS rather than just doing transaction processing? Rather than just doing transaction processing, the system can be improves to complete Management Information System by providing all information on any level in the company such as executive information system that can support and give information in order to make decision, it can also give an easy access to external and internal information that can meet the strategic goals of the organization. DSS can be including making a complete MIS since it can help to make a better decision for the company. There is also another thing that could help them improving their system to a complete MIS which is speed up their problem solving where the time can be reduced efficiently, promoting training to staff to give them knowledge and discover new approach. Explain the probable effects that making the system more formal would have on the customers and the management. By making the system more formal, the probable effects is going to impact on the organization which can be more efficiently exchange information among its functional areas, business units, suppliers, and customers. As the transactions are taking place every day, the system stores all the data which can be used later on when the restaurant is in need of some financial help from financial institutes or banks. As the inventory is always entered into the system, any frauds can be easily taken care of and if anything goes missing then it can be detected through the system. The customers may realize the system will be more satisfying than before an gained more advantages from the system. Case 6: What security loopholes come to the fore in the situation described? How can these be plugged? The loopholes in the situation mentioned by Utpal are that the security of information is prone to security breach and viruses. It may cause troubles, to prevent it from happening while allowing the information and property to remain accessible and productive to its intended users are to struggle finding a budget and let the budget constraint vanished so he can helped the security system more advancing for brighter promising future of the company. Besides that, he could also plug or creates new security architecture in the environment because security architecture can describe how the security controls (security countermeasures) are positioned, and how they relate to the overall information technology architecture. These controls serve the purpose to maintain the systems quality attributes, among the confidentiality, integrity, availability, accountability and assurance. What is the importance of a security budget in the context of the given situation? Case 7: What are the business benefits of the web portal? Make a critical assessment. What is the importance of content management for enterprise web portals? c. Can a small business develop and maintain such a portal? Case 8: a. In the context of the given case, what managerial issues need to be addressed by Alfred? Why is it important for managers to be tech savvy? b. What is the importance of a systems consultant to an organization? What skills should he/she possess? Case 9: What are the business benefits and limitations of Rick Dalzells strategies? Why are business houses finding it difficult to keep costs down in spite of the fact that technology is getting cheaper? Case 10: a. What systems would you propose that would serve the companys needs? b. Considering that the company already has CBIS installed, will you contemplate complete overhaul of the systems or add functionalities of the existing systems? Justify your line of action. c. Justify the requirement of a Chief Information Officer (CIO) in the context of the given caselet. Case 11: a. How has technology helped companies like Rosenbluth deliver customized services? b. Is it possible for small companies to adopt technology similar to Rosenbluths? Why or why not? Justify. c. What is the significance of Rosenbluths statement? Give your viewpoint. Case 12: Is it justified to say that digital systems are unreliable and carries enormous risks? b. What countermeasures should be put in place to minimize damages due to failure of digital systems? Give your answer for each of the above three situations.

The Lie of the Land :: Haydn Middleton Davids Story

The Lie of the Land The Lie of the Land, written by Haydn Middleton, is a novel about protagonist David Nennius and his past, present, and future. David tells readers about his past through sections entitled "David's Story," a narrative that he is writing in which he reveals secrets about his conception, birth, life, and impending death. Through this, we learn that David is the son of the sky and that there is a woman who has claimed him as her own. This woman haunts him with the statement "I know you, I have found you, and I will not let you go," and in the end, he will "dance in the brightest light the dance of death at the gateway to Albion" (p. 84-85). He constantly lives in this woman's shadow and cannot know happiness with another, so after his is married to Melissa and fathers a son, Art, David knew "that he would dance before his time" and "that there would be more than one end" (188). In this so-called "end before the end," David found his 13 year old son being forced to give a man oral sex in a bathroom in a park, and, outraged, David kills the man. Soon after, Melissa and Art leave, and after some time, David believes that he is given a new beginning when he finds a man named Quinn at his allotment on top of the mound under which he had buried the man he murdered. In time, David loses faith in this false hope and believes that he has to die to atone for what he has done. This he shares with a girl named Rachel whom he meets at the Good Samaritan center. When Quinn and Rachel find David's Story, they are convinced that it is "the beginning of a very long suicide note," and the two intervene to keep David from taking his own life (154). Middleton, Haydn. The Lie of the Land. New York: Ballantine Books, 1989. Ordinary People Ordinary People is a novel about an adolescent boy named Conrad Jarrett. The story begins after Conrad has returned home from spending eight months in a hospital for attempting to commit suicide after he was involved in a sailing accident in which his older brother Jordan was killed. In the accident, a storm arose while the boys were on the lake with their sailboat. The two worked to control the boat, but it tipped and they fell into the icy water.

Individual General Profile City of Kelsey Eth/316

Individual General Profile Angel Pacheco 7/22/12 ETH/316 The City of Kelsey boasts a rich and diverse culture with residents ranging from African American, Caucasian, Asian American, and other ethnicities. The occupations that these residents are associated with range from logistics, information technologies, medical personnel, and blue collar occupations. Interaction within a community as tight knit as the City of Kelsey occurs throughout the region.Shops in the downtown area offer a place for residents to hang out and relieve stress, as well as aid in spurring the regions economy. The Kelsey Library is a great place for residents of all ages to research the internet, as well as read recreationally. Community events in the City of Kelsey include an annual 10K Marathon, various sports tournaments, an annual balloon festival, a monthly farmers market, and an annual St. Patricks Day Parade. These events offer a wide variety of events to enable community interaction.With over 71,000 stu dents in the Kelsey School system, all regional schools are used to educate students in a group setting. This group setting is paramount in interaction between students. With over 4,500 educators, the school system offers a place for staff members to interact as well. With a history embedded in agriculture, combined with an organic way of life, the community believes in being responsible for the community on an individual basis.With the use of public transportation, and alternative means such as bicycles the community is showing how they are giving back. With the community offering many opportunities for activity such as arts and crafts center, aquatic center, Lake Lora, and the city park it is the responsibility of the community to reciprocate this through careful preservation of these resources. The City of Kelsey has a foundation of preservation of natural resources, but with the rise of population in the last few years the efforts must be dramatically increased.Being socially re sponsible would be to recognize this problem and allocate funds to maintain the problem with the Sanitation Department and their digester problem. Many of the problems that arise with their greatest resource water, derived from Lake Lora or regional aquifers, may be caused by leeching from a poorly kept solid waste digester. Allocation of funds for this problem is imperative in determining the ability of reversing the degradation of the water quality available to the City of Kelsey.

Statement of Purpose for the Masters Degree

Statement of purpose for the Masters Degree The information included herewith in my writing would elaborate on the reasons that motivate me to study at the University of Reading, prestigious Henley business school, and will further elaborate the causes for the selection of the specific path of study. Further in the latter part of my discussion I would like to explain the reasons for me to apply for a scholarship at the benevolence of a sponsor.Having earned a BSc (Accounting) Special (Hons) degree with a first class standing from University of Sri Jayewardenepura which is reputed as the faculty with the highest demand for management study in Sri Lanka and earning continuous professional development in PricewaterhouseCoopers for over three years, initially at a trainee level and then as a Senior Associate, I have shown an overwhelming interest on the field of financial reporting.The performance grades earned by me in PwC is fascinating since I was rated as â€Å"1† once and â⠂¬Å"2† twice, which denotes â€Å"Outstanding† and â€Å"Exceeding expectations† respectively, being the only one in the peer group to make such an achievement and these ratings consolidated my position further as a resource person in PwC on financial reporting and assurance services. I believe both the professional experience excellence and the academic excellence on the field of accounting and financial reporting have raised a knowledge hungry, enthusiastic to learn individual.Along with the real accounting problems faced by companies, learning advanced Accounting theory from reputed professors in Sri Lanka, enhanced my skills on the practice and sharpened me with my ability to think accounting problems in the practical context. Further to that, presentation skill was enhanced during the course of study and training and during the learning and development sessions held by PwC. Further to the above I pursued Chartered Accountancy professional course conducted by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Sri Lanka and in pursue I won four prizes in all first three levels.This made me to be ranked among one of the very few achievers in Sri Lankan history on both the professional and academic qualifications. Currently I am pursuing the final level of the said course. The prizes (Highest Marks in the country for the exam) I won include Foundation level quantitative methods for decision making and second in Order of Merit for overall performance. In the intermediate level I won the prize of Second in Order of Merit for overall performance in that exam. Then I won the prize for excellence in business systems in the Final-1 level exam.These achievements coupled with the very special achievement that I was 8th in the island (Sri Lanka) in Advanced Level examination held in 2006 made me a prospective resource person in Sri Lanka in the field of financial reporting, and depicted the special interest shown by me on the specific sphere from the childh ood. Having seen the caliber of certain academics and professionals in the field of accounting and financial reporting I believe I have to further learn sophisticated areas on these subjects.One of the reasons I want to study further is to reach at least the same level of intuitiveness and panoramic view of the subject as my teachers and the professionals I have met have developed. However all these achievements were made by me in spite of very many economic difficulties since my family’s bread earner is only my father who is a retired lowest level government servant (His designation was Village Officer).I have a brother who still studies in the school for his A/L s and I worked in part time jobs during my all the time said achievements were made by me. I am a hard-working and determined person, and I am ready for a new leap in my business career. I am solely in a quest towards more knowledge and excellent competitive learning environment, with state of the art facilities. Th e only reasonable decision for me was to aim for such a place. All this gives me the motivation to apply to University of Reading, Henley Business School.

How to Tour the Nevada Nuclear Test Site

How to Tour the Nevada Nuclear Test Site The Nevada Test Site is the location where the United States conducted atomic testing. Did you know you can visit the Nevada Test Site, formerly called the Nevada Proving Grounds and now known as the Nevada National Security Site? Here is how to take the tour. Get on the List The Nevada Test Site is located about 65 miles northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada on US-95, but you cant just drive up to the facility and look around! Public tours are conducted only four times a year, with specific dates determined a few months in advance. The size of the tour group is limited, so there is a waiting list. If you want to take the tour, the first step is to call the Office of Public Affairs to get your name on the waiting list for the tour. In order to get accepted for the tour, you must be at least 14 years old (accompanied by an adult if you are under 18). When you make a reservation, you need to supply the following information: Full nameDate of birthPlace of birthSocial Security number Keep in mind the tour date may change if the weather isnt cooperative, so its good to build a little flexibility into your schedule. What to Expect Once you register for a tour, youll get an email confirmation of your reservation. A couple of weeks before the visit, youll get a packet in the mail that includes an itinerary for the trip. The tour is free.Radiation badges are no longer used. In order to get badged for security, you will need to present a drivers license or valid passport (foreign nationals) upon arrival.Expect a full day of activities. Visitors meet in Las Vegas to board a tour bus at 7 am, returning to Las Vegas at 4:30 pm.Youll need to pack a lunch.Dress appropriately. Wear comfortable, sturdy shoes. You will not be allowed to take the tour if you are wearing shorts, a skirt, or sandals! Las Vegas is (very) hot in the summer and (very) cold in the winter, with temperatures ranging anywhere in between the extremes. Consider the season when packing for the trip.You cannot bring in any recording devices or electronics of any kind. Do not bring a cell phone, camera, binocular, recorder, etc. Mandatory checks are conducted. If you are caught with a recording device, youll get thrown out and the whole tour group will be returned to Las Vegas.No firearms are permitted.

Business Law Research Paper Example

Business Law Research Paper Example Business Law Paper Business Law Paper Business law In business law, for a contract to be enforceable it has to be provable. This means that whether it is written or oral, a contract has to have some form of way to prove that it is existent (Jennings, 2006). For oral contracts, it may be difficult to prove existence of certain terms due to lack of evidence. However, written contracts are easier to prove as it is written on paper and signed by both parties involved, hence can be referred to when there is the occurrence of a breach of contract prompting litigation. In this instance, if a party forfeits his duty as expressed in the terms of the contract, it will be possible to prove the existence of those contractual conditions in the terms stated. The concept of proof of contract identifies the importance of the ability to prove the validity of the contract as this is what will render it enforceable in the court of law. This concept is dependent on the nature of the wording of the contract and the concepts of the contract in relation to the nature of the contract in question. This contract is valid as it meets all the contractual terms of good faith, a meeting of minds, performance expectation on both parties, mutual consideration and there was an offer and acceptance where the buyer accepted these terms before entering into the contract. Therefore, the buyer was under obligation to act according to the set terms as he had accepted them before signing it. Seinfields could not claim of not paying the fee because Cohen had received an amount of fee from Mayeris as this was not an alternative stated in the contract and the action between Mayeris and Cohen do not affect the written contract as they are outside its scope. However, Cohen also breaches the contract in that there is no total performance on her part where her duties include and are not limited to showing the house to the clients when required. In this case, she was absent when the defendant required seeing the house showing partial performance on her part. With this evidence, the court should not order Seinfields to pay Cohen, as there was non-performance where she failed to perform her duty as the broker. There also is lack of substantial evidence of damages by the plaintiff due to the non-payment that occurred.

Breastfeeding vs. Bottle Feeding

There are few experts who oppose breastfeeding as the best choice for infants. However, lowering breastfeeding rates raises many questions about why mothers choose the best nutritional choice for their children. Breast milk is an obvious choice for infant lactation due to its health, psychological and economic benefits, but many mothers are still in infants because of lack of knowledge and support, breastfeeding difficulties and social paralysis I decided to give milk powder for use. This is a glimpse of the science behind breastfeeding and discussions about bottling and expression breast feeding. The book Science of Mother is written in more detail, including the infant's feeding research, the limits of scientific research, and how to properly see promoting breastfeeding and cultural barriers. I have created a free e-mail series for you! If you do not feel the joy and happiness of motherhood you were expecting, this e-mail series will change your perception of your birth. That's rig ht. I saw my mature strategy work many times over and over for moms like you. I know that it is also in you. Breastfeeding is encouraged and public breastfeeding is common. In fact, baby feeding is generally not recommended, and public baby feeding can cause discomfort to mothers over public breastfeeding. Many shopping centers offer parent's room where mothers can comfortably change their bodies and feed their babies. Most areas of breastfeeding in South America are regulated, and public breastfeeding is common in buses, parks, shopping malls, and so on. It is not common to see a public baby bottle than breastfeeding. Women rarely appear in high-end restaurants and street care in big cities, but nursing, encouraging and thinking about the breasts of regular mothers or lactating mothers is not considered sexual subjects.

Real women have curves film analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Real women have curves film analysis - Assignment Example Ana’s mother is fat and feels depressed about it. Her mother wants Ana to share her depression thus constantly telling her â€Å"You are so pretty but†¦Ã¢â‚¬  or â€Å"If you lost some weight†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Another scene that illustrates this is when his boyfriend or love interest tells her â€Å"You are not fat. You are beautiful.† As if you cannot be beautiful and fat but rather you can only be beautiful by not being fat. Media and pop culture help shape public opinion and social standards and with the onslaught of unrealistic physical images, it leaves a haunting impression to teenage girls that are sometimes self-destructive. However Ana’s robust physique and Latina roots doubles the burden of her struggle. Schooler claims that â€Å"Contextualizing Latina girls body image development requires an appreciation of these two sets of values and an understanding of the process by which Latina girls traverse the borders between them. Girls who are more acculturated into mainstream American culture may be more likely to endorse the dominant thin ideal; because this ideal is unattainable to nearly all girls, regardless of ethnicity, these girls may feel worse about their own bodies than girls who are less acculturated and who endorse a Latino/a body ideal† (136). Physical attributes are crucial factors in teenage girls or young women of today. It is a common misconception that a female’s progress in life is solely on based on her physique and attractiveness. Contrary to this, the movie depicts how Ana struggled from fitting in to accepting her flaws to embracing and celebrating her image. She even encouraged her friends to do the same. Women are commonly portrayed in films as submissive characters. However, we see more movies or TV series nowadays that women take charge of their destinies or play significant roles in society. Examples are Hermione Granger of Harry Potter, Daenerys Targeryen in the

Aristotles Nicomachean Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Aristotles Nicomachean Ethics - Essay Example Base and corrupt thoughts are not friendly, thus an individual does not feel that way within themselves. Since corrupt people think all others are like themselves, or seek out other corrupt people, they are not friendly with others as well as themselves. Finally, corrupt people think that harmful practices are normal. A prostitute thinks that selling sex is normal. Thieves think stealing is alright. If these practices are morally acceptable to an individual, then when these actions are done to them it is assumed to be normal. Thus a base person is no friend to themselves. A true friend will stop harmful actions, but the corrupt person does not know right and wrong. True friends help one another out. If a person is corrupt, the goal is to only help oneself. It is abnormal not to help another for healthy individuals, but normal for corrupt people. How people treat others is what becomes acceptable for them. Even morally bankrupt individuals have a compass telling them right from wrong. This compass in corrupt individuals affirms negative behavior. The negative behavior is normal to these people. If they could treat themselves better, treating other people better would not be a problem. That is what Aristotle was trying to

Economics for Business and Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

Economics for Business and Management - Essay Example As we know that resources are scarce and wants are unlimited, so there are alternatives uses of the resources available with us. Therefore there has to be a way to make the most efficient allocation of resources, where the largest number of wants is satisfied (Glossary, 2011). Some of the most common ways of allocating resources include Command economy Free market economy Mixed economy Free market or pure market economy refers to capitalist economy where the resources for production of goods and services are allocated by market price, which is determined by market forces of demand and supply. Command economy is one in which resources are allocated by a central authority, and the good of maximum number of people is looked for. Mixed economy is a combination of both pure market and command economy. In it there is private as well as public sector, the private sector comprises of individuals who are free to allocate resources anywhere they want as long as they have the financial strength to do so, whereas the public sector comprises of government control over the economy to an extent. Demand refers to the quantity of goods or service that consumers desire to have at a given price. The law of demand says that as price of a product goes up, its quantity demanded falls, with other things held constant. The reason for it is that as the price goes up the opportunity cost of buying it also rises so people are willing to forgo its consumption and look for alternatives. The graph below shows

News Corporation Near Collapse (1990) & Recovery Essay

News Corporation Near Collapse (1990) & Recovery - Essay Example This may have been partly due to the fact that, at the time there was a sharp advertising recession, the worst in two decades (Roger Cohan 1990). The situation was that News Corporation was saddled with massive debts. Alex Burns (2002) reported that Murdoch's News Corp, which remains precariously afloat, had a colossal $11 billion in debt worldwide, nearly four times the annual turnover of the entire newspaper industry in Australia. In an effort to save the business a refinancing plan was put in place, but at the last minute, one small bank in Pittsburgh refused to go along with the scheme, demanding repayment of a $10 million loan. (Stephen Galloway and Paula Parisi, 2005) The task we have set ourselves within this document is to look at four key areas. Firstly to ascertain where the origins of responsibility for the crisis lay. Secondly to investigate how the crisis position was resolved without resorting to the irretrievable act of bankruptcy, and thirdly we will endeavour to examine how, when other notable media giants have failed, Murdoch was able to escape. Finally we shall discover how Murdoch has been able to revitalise the fortunes of News Corporation, successfully transforming itself into one of the top five hundred global TNC's2 Behind every corporate disaster, there is inevitably an attempt to apportion blame. With the News Corporation situation, the majority of financial media and other experts tended to place most of the blame at the feet of the management. But others were just as culpable. Management's role Rupert Murdoch is that inveterate breed, a corporate gambler. He thrives on risks and the bigger the stakes, the bigger the buzz and the bigger the payout. (Stuart Crainer.1999). In the 1980's he spent considerable amounts on acquisitions for his empire. Whilst the risks he took at that time are reaping benefit now, at the time they would, to any conservative financier, have seemed unacceptable. Perhaps a better example of how Murdoch chooses to live and do business comes in the events, which led up to the great credit crunch of 1990. These began in Murdoch's American acquisition spree of the middle 1980s. He bought the 20th Century Fox network in the US in 1985, the Metromedia chain of television stations the same year, and then in 1986 launched Fox, the first national TV network since 1959. He didn't have the money to pay for all of this, so he raised it by revaluing his company under Australian accounting3 rules, raising its worth from $166 million to $1.6 billion (Lanchester) The most costly corporate move Murdoch made in the late eighties was the investment in Sky. At that stage it was an enormous drain on the businesses cash resources. At the time the satellite subsidiary was posting substantial year on year losses. Despite Murdoch's somewhat dubious adeptness at moving funds around the various and numerous group subsidiaries to cover overextended cash flow positions, Sky had a cash thirst which could not be quenched without dramatically impacting on News Corporations liquidity, seriously reducing its ability to cover other commitments. Thus when the time came to repay $2 billion of bank debt, there were insufficient resources available to meet these contracted commitments. It is apparent from all the researches

Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Globalization - Essay Example The regional trade agreement chosen for this report is Mercosur. This agreement was created on 26 March 1991, when Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay signed the Treaty of Asuncià ³n to create the Southern Common Market. The agreement now encompasses the four Latin American countries along with a fifth member state – Venezuela. The purpose of this trade agreement is to promote free trade among the member countries and enable a fluid movement of goods, workers, and services.Mercosur has been very successful in increasing intrabloc trade among its member countries and in reducing tariff and non-tariff barriers. Following this trade agreement, intrabloc trade increased from 9% to 25% of the total exports within eight years. This trade agreement enabled the formation of a common market promoting free trade. The Mercosur member countries also gained in bargaining power to negotiate trade agreements with other countries. Interregional trade among the member countries tripled f rom the US $ 4.1 billion to the US $ 10.7 billion. All countries in the sub-region experienced increased growth of about 6.1% that was the highest to be recorded in a decade. From the figures released by the World Trade Organization, it can be inferred that the trade agreement not only boosted trade among its members but also was successful in increasing trade with the rest of the world. Since the inception of Mercosur, there has been a 207% rise in trade among member countries and 122% increase in trade with the rest of the world.... (2) Report on a Regional Trade Agreement The regional trade agreement chosen for this report is Mercosur (Mercado Comun del Sur/Mercado Comum do Sul/Southern Common Market). This agreement was created on 26 March 1991, when Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay signed the Treaty of Asuncion to create the Southern Common Market. The agreement now encompasses the four Latin American countries along with a fifth member state – Venezuela. The purpose of this trade agreement is to promote free trade among the member countries and enable a fluid movement of goods, workers and services (â€Å"About MERCOSUR†). Mercosur has been very successful in increasing intrabloc trade among its member countries and in reducing tariff and non-tariff barriers. Following this trade agreement, intrabloc trade increased from 9% to 25% of the total exports within eight years (Paiva and Gazel 116). This trade agreement enabled the formation of a common market promoting free trade. The Mercosur member countries also gained in bargaining power to negotiate trade agreements with other countries. Interregional trade among the member countries tripled from US $ 4.1 billion to US $ 10.7 billion. All countries in the sub-region experienced increased growth of about 6.1% that was the highest to be recorded in a decade. From the figures released by the World Trade Organization, it can be inferred that the trade agreement not only boosted trade among its members, but also was successful in increasing trade with the rest of the world. Since the inception of Mercosur, there has been a 207% rise in trade among member countries and 122% increase in trade with the rest of the world

Consumption Today vs. Consumption Tomorrow Essay

Consumption Today vs. Consumption Tomorrow - Essay Example Brie tarts. Tansy cakes with peppermint cream† for William’s training, gear and other expenses to win in the Rouen tournament. In a sense, it is their capital to â€Å"to glory and riches none of us ever dreamed of†. Taking this in a bigger context such as the choices presented to the government with its consumption today and investment tomorrow, it meant striking the balance between addressing theâ€Å"Eel pie. Brie tarts. Tansy cakes with peppermint cream† of today with the â€Å"glory and riches none of us ever dreamed† of tomorrow. In simpler terms, it meant that government has to allocate its resources to satisfy the need of today (i.e. social security, food security, defense, etch) versus the need of tomorrow. Addressing the need of tomorrow meant investing today and this could have in several forms such as education, research and development, resource exploration, supporting start-up companies etch. Thus, the resources of the government must be effectively allocated so that it could address the needs of its people today as well as

Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Globalization - Essay Example The regional trade agreement chosen for this report is Mercosur. This agreement was created on 26 March 1991, when Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay signed the Treaty of Asuncià ³n to create the Southern Common Market. The agreement now encompasses the four Latin American countries along with a fifth member state – Venezuela. The purpose of this trade agreement is to promote free trade among the member countries and enable a fluid movement of goods, workers, and services.Mercosur has been very successful in increasing intrabloc trade among its member countries and in reducing tariff and non-tariff barriers. Following this trade agreement, intrabloc trade increased from 9% to 25% of the total exports within eight years. This trade agreement enabled the formation of a common market promoting free trade. The Mercosur member countries also gained in bargaining power to negotiate trade agreements with other countries. Interregional trade among the member countries tripled f rom the US $ 4.1 billion to the US $ 10.7 billion. All countries in the sub-region experienced increased growth of about 6.1% that was the highest to be recorded in a decade. From the figures released by the World Trade Organization, it can be inferred that the trade agreement not only boosted trade among its members but also was successful in increasing trade with the rest of the world. Since the inception of Mercosur, there has been a 207% rise in trade among member countries and 122% increase in trade with the rest of the world.... (2) Report on a Regional Trade Agreement The regional trade agreement chosen for this report is Mercosur (Mercado Comun del Sur/Mercado Comum do Sul/Southern Common Market). This agreement was created on 26 March 1991, when Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay signed the Treaty of Asuncion to create the Southern Common Market. The agreement now encompasses the four Latin American countries along with a fifth member state – Venezuela. The purpose of this trade agreement is to promote free trade among the member countries and enable a fluid movement of goods, workers and services (â€Å"About MERCOSUR†). Mercosur has been very successful in increasing intrabloc trade among its member countries and in reducing tariff and non-tariff barriers. Following this trade agreement, intrabloc trade increased from 9% to 25% of the total exports within eight years (Paiva and Gazel 116). This trade agreement enabled the formation of a common market promoting free trade. The Mercosur member countries also gained in bargaining power to negotiate trade agreements with other countries. Interregional trade among the member countries tripled from US $ 4.1 billion to US $ 10.7 billion. All countries in the sub-region experienced increased growth of about 6.1% that was the highest to be recorded in a decade. From the figures released by the World Trade Organization, it can be inferred that the trade agreement not only boosted trade among its members, but also was successful in increasing trade with the rest of the world. Since the inception of Mercosur, there has been a 207% rise in trade among member countries and 122% increase in trade with the rest of the world

My Decision to Enroll in College Essay Example for Free

My Decision to Enroll in College Essay People have different reasons and point of views why it is important for them to enroll in college. Basically, achieving a degree is a stepping stone to reach one’s goals. For me, I enroll in college, definitely, because it is a given fact and expectation that after high school, I need to choose a course and to enroll in an institution where I want to obtain my degree. First, I figure out what I want, what I really want to do in life. Whatever my decision is, it is anchored to what I yearn to do and to achieve in life. Definitely, I do study hard in order for me to achieve high grades and to have flying colors during graduation. I want to satisfy my parents’ expectations on me so I certainly do my best in every subject. I make sure that I devote my time equally; however, it is not always applicable in my schedule because there are times when I find it arduous to understand some of the topics in some of my subjects so I give more time on the difficult ones. I believe that learning is an on-going process. The strategies of my professors in presenting the lessons each day have a great impact on me. Whatever the technique is, it may be visual aids like movies, slide shows, etc, it definitely helps me in comprehending the lessons very well. Professors, indeed, affect my moods and enthusiasm. I like creative and unconventional professors. The professors and their teaching techniques and strategies contribute to my enthusiasm and motivation to do very well in class. Nevertheless, if I do not like the professor due to his/her temperament and conventional ways of teaching, I still do my best to grasp every learning and knowledge that s/he bestows. Because there are a lot of ways to learn, I believe that it is not just confined to the four-corner rooms of the university. Outside or extracurricular activities such as fieldtrips, research or case study competitions, internships or on-the-job trainings will definitely help me realize my potentials and will definitely aid me to reach for my goal. Gaining experiences outside school’s four-corner rooms enable me to be more confident, more competitive and more competent. I have been brought up by my parents in an authoritative way. They are neither over-protective nor over-domineering. They make me speak and explain my side every time I commit a mistake; in return, they do listen and reprimand me accordingly. For me, they are the best paragons. Because of that, I yearn to do the same for my children. I will not be the authoritarian parent just like some of my friends’ and classmates’ parents. If it is already time for them to enroll in college, I will just let them choose what course they want to take. I will not intervene with what they want because definitely, intervention to a person’s likes and wants affect his/her enthusiasm to perform well. The drive and the motivation to reach for their goals will, indeed, slow down. Advices, motivations and anecdotes from my experiences in college will help my children in challenging them to excel higher. If I have made it, I believe that they, too, can. From the very start, I will condition them to manage their time properly but not intervening too much to what they really want to do because I might suffocate them. They will just probably yearn to be a bird, not the droopy one†¦ but the free bird that spreads its wings and soars high. Enrolling in college and obtaining a degree are the stepping stones to have a good future, a stable job and a career. It helps people in realizing their goals and visions in life. My current career and our status in life is the best evident that I can show them with regards to the benefits of pursuing a degree in college. They need not be bums or dependents for the rest of their lives. Graduating in college allows a person to stand on their own feet. Whatever course they want to take, it is important for them to know that it is a competitive world out there. If someone yearns to have a high paying job, s/he must choose the in-demand courses like those under Technology, Business, etc. Each one must be acquainted with marketing strategies such as knowing the appropriate advertisements. Or being aware of the latest technology, which is now evolving to be wireless.

Single Stage H Biased Amplifier Biology Essay

Single Stage H Biased Amplifier Biology Essay The objective of this laboratory exercise was to design, simulate, build and test a single stage H- biased amplifier to design specifications and requirements. The design specified a voltage gain of 50 be obtained, a lower cut off frequency of 100Hz and maximum symmetrical swing. An NPN 2N3904 transistor was to be used, with a supply voltage of 15volts. A 100kà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ load resistor was also required in the design. The values for the components involved in the design were first calculated, using logical deductions, and then simulated using the software Multisim. The H- biased amplifier was then built on a solder less bread board. The various values were measured in the laboratory using the appropriate equipment. Analysis of the calculated, simulated and measured values was done. The results were discussed and used to determine whether the specifications were met. This laboratory exercise was an introduction to the design of electronic devices. Valuable knowledge and practical skills were gained in performing this exercise. This knowledge would prove useful in future designs. Contents Table of Figures List of Tables List of Symbols/ Abbreviations A Amperes AC Alternative Coupling Av Voltage Gain BJT Bipolar Junction Transistor Ci Input Capacitor Co Output Capacitor CE Emitter Capacitor (By pass) dB Decibels DC Direct Coupling f Frequency hfe Current Gain hie Emitter Input Impedance Hz Hertz I Current IB Base Current IC Collector Current IE Emitter Current I1 Current through R1 I2 Current through R2 K.V.L Kirchhoffs Voltage Law k- Kilo m milli R Resistance R1 Resistor 1 R2 Resistor 2 RE Emitter Resistor Re Unbypassed Emitter Resistor RE* Recalculated Emitter Resistor RC Collector Resistor RL Load Resistor RTH Thevenins Equivalent Resistance V- Voltage VB Voltage across Base VBE Base Emitter Voltage VCC Supply Voltage VCE Voltage across Collector and Emitter VRC Voltage across Collector Resistor VRE Voltage across Emitter Resistor VTH Thevenins Equivalent Voltage VR1- Voltage across R1 VR2 Voltage across R2 XCE Reactance of CE XCi Reactance of Ci XCo Reactance of Co Zi Input Impedance Zo Output Impedance à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ Ohms Introduction The following gives a brief description of the Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT). A Bipolar Junction Transistor is an active semiconductor device formed by joining two P-N junctions whose function is amplification of an electric current. (Seale 2003). The transistor can also be used for the purposes of switching. However, in this exercise, the focus is centered on the application of amplification. A bipolar junction transistor consists of three regions of doped semiconductors. P- type and N- type semiconductor materials are alternatively joined together to form the transistor. This therefore results in 2 PN junctions. The transistor consists of three regions, namely, the emitter, the base and the collector. The diagram below illustrates the basic structure of a transistor, showing the PN junctions and the emitter, base and collector. BJT layers Figure : Transistor Source: http://encyclobeamia.solarbotics.net/articles/bip_junct_trans.html (accessed November 17th 2010 at 5:44pm.) From the diagram it is easily seen that one P-N junction is between the emitter and the base and the other P-N junction is between the collector and the base. Since the emitter and collector are usually doped somewhat differently, they are rarely electrically interchangeable. (Seale 2003). The base also forms the mechanical base for the structure. (Seale 2003). The base region is made as thin as possible (about 10-6m) to get a reasonable good levels of current gain.(Seale 2003). Furthermore, it is made thin for easier passage of electrons through the base region to the collector. Bipolar transistors are either NPN or PNP, based on the arrangement of their N-type and P-type materials. An NPN transistor is formed by sandwiching a very thin region of P-type between two regions of N-type materials. Figure 2 below shows an NPN transistor, while figure 3 shows the symbol used to represent it. NPN layers Figure : NPN Transistor Source: http://encyclobeamia.solarbotics.net/articles/bip_junct_trans.html (accessed November 17th 2010 at 5:44pm.) Figure : NPN Transistor SymbolImage Source: http://encyclobeamia.solarbotics.net/articles/bip_junct_trans.html (accessed November 17th 2010 at 5:44pm.) Similarly, a PNP transistor is formed by sandwiching a very thin region of N-type between two regions of P-type materials. Figure 4 below shows the PNP transistor, while figure 5 shows the symbol used to represent it. Figure : PNP TransistorPNP layers Source: http://encyclobeamia.solarbotics.net/articles/bip_junct_trans.html (accessed November 17th 2010 at 5:44pm.) Figure : PNP Transistor SymbolImage Source: http://encyclobeamia.solarbotics.net/articles/bip_junct_trans.html (accessed November 17th 2010 at 5:44pm.) (It should be noted that the circle around the transistor usually not seen when the transistor is drawn in circuit diagrams.) It is clear that the distinguishing characteristic of the two transistor symbols is the direction of the arrow. A transistor in a circuit will be in one of three conditions: Cut off (no collector current). In this region it can be used as switch. In the active region (some collector current, more than a few tenths of a volt above the emitter. In this region, it can be used for amplifier applications. In saturation (collector a few tenths of a volt above emitter), large current useful for switch on applications.(Nave) The figure below illustrates these regions of operation. http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/imgsol/tran6.gif Figure : Regions of Operation of the Transistor Source: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/trans2.html#c4 , accessed November 17th 2010 at 5:40 pm. A NPN transistor was used to in this laboratory exercise to act as an amplifier. The transistor must therefore be in the active region. Background Theory The following describes the reasons for the choice of biasing arrangement and type of configuration. Possible applications of the design project are also included. For transistors to produce amplification, an operating point must first be established. Since a transistor can act as an amplifier in the active region, it is here that the operating point is established. This operating point is fixed, and so it is referred to as a quiescent point (Q point). This is known as biasing. This operating point is the point where the applied signal would be amplified. Therefore it is required that this point be constant. Biasing is the operation of setting an operating point within an operating range and the purpose of bias design is to set the collector current of a transistor to a specific value and keep deviations due to temperature and beta variations to a specified minimum.(Kuhn 2008) Biasing can take two forms, fixed biasing and H biasing. The fixed bias design works with a transistor with an appropriate current gain, beta. Temperature changes results in a change of beta. This results in a variation of Ic and consequently, the Q point changes. Hence, the fixed biased arrangement is thermally unstable. In the H biased design, the Q points are independent of beta and therefore the Q points are more stable. Two resistors form a potential divider and fix the base potential. Since the base potential is kept nearly constant, if Ic changes, an increase potential drop would develop across RE and VBE would decrease. This results in Ic dropping to its original value. This biased arrangement is therefore thermally stable. Due to this thermal stability, the H biased arrangement was chosen in preference to the fixed biased arrangement. Now, though the H biasing arrangement was chosen, the type of configuration was still undecided. Three types of configurations exist. These include the common emitter, common base and common collector. According to Kuhn 2008, in general, the best amplifier to use is the one whose input resistance is comparable to the source resistance and whose output resistance is comparable to the load resistance. Source Resistance/ Load resistance Good Choice of Amplifier to consider Greater than 10 Common Collector 2 -10 Common Collector or Common Emitter 0.5 -2 Common Emitter 0.1 -0.5 Common Emitter or Common Base Less than 0.1 Common Base Table Showing Choice of Amplifier based on Source/Load Resistance Source: http://www.kennethkuhn.com/students/ee351/text/bjt_general_design.pd, accessed 17th November 2010 at 5:17 pm. It can be shown that the common-emitter amplifier is capable of achieving the highest possible power gain. He concludes by saying that, overall, the common-emitter amplifier is the most flexible in terms of input and output resistance while also achieving reasonable power gain. Therefore, the common emitter configuration was chosen. Figure 7 shows this configuration. Figure 7: Common Emitter Configuration Source: Electronic Workbench Software- Multisim Figure 7: Common Emitter ConfigurationQ1 2N3904 Vcc R1 R2 Re RE* Rc RL Co Ci CE This design project would serve as an introduction to the practical application of electronics. With the experience, knowledge and understanding gained in designing and the building the circuit, more advanced and complex circuits could possibly be built. These circuits would then be used in everyday applications, e,g a microphone, speaker or perhaps a new innovation. This simple circuit in itself could be used to amplify signals with the appropriate adjustments. Design Objectives The following shows the specifications required for the design of the amplifier. The specifications involved in the design of the single stage H-biased amplifier were as follows: Voltage gain of 50 Lower cut off frequency less than 100Hz Maximum symmetrical swing Supply voltage of 15volts It was required that a small signal NPN 2N3904 transistor be used in the design. A fixed load resistance of 100kà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ was also required. Method The following shows the apparatus and materials used in the design project, the operating conditions, how the various resistor and capacitor values were obtained and the basic laboratory procedure. Apparatus and Materials The following shows a list of the apparatus and materials used in overall design and building of the amplifier. 2N3904 NPN Transistor Solder less Bread board Resistors (56à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦, 680à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦, 3.6kà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦, 62kà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦,10kà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦,100kà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦) Capacitors (4.7uF, 47uF ,330uF) Connecting wires Pliers Dual trace Oscilloscope Power Supply Function Generator Multi-meter LRC meter Analysis of Operating Conditions The following gives an analysis of the operating conditions for the circuit. The design of the amplifier consisted of two types of operating conditions. These included the DC conditions and the AC conditions. The DC and AC conditions were not mixed. Therefore each type of operating condition was considered individually. DC Analysis The following describes the operating conditions for the DC analysis. In DC circuits, capacitors act as an open circuit. In an open circuit, no current flows. Therefore the capacitors were omitted when considering the operating conditions for DC. For the transistor to function as an amplifier, the various quiescent currents and voltages associated with it need to be known. Also, the resistor values need to be known. Therefore, some calculations must first be made. The figure below shows the circuit required for DC analysis. Figure : Circuit Required for DC Analysis Figure : Circuit Required for DC AnalysisVcc R2 RE Rc Q1 2N3904 R1 Figure 8: Circuit Required for DC Analysis Source: Electronic Workbench Software Multisim Note that this circuit is similar to figure 7. However, the capacitors were omitted as they are part of the AC analysis. The supply voltage, , was given as 15 volts. Determining Ic The following describes how the value of Ic , was chosen. The transistor datasheet (found in the appendix) was used to choose an appropriate value for. Firstly, the graph of Typical Pulsed Current Gain vs Collector Current, , was used. Since the quiescent points are independent of beta, ÃŽÂ ², (), then the exact value of ÃŽÂ ² becomes irrelevant. Hence, beta can be chosen as any appropriate value. Since the operating temperature for the transistor was room temperature, therefore, the graph at 25 °C was selected. From the graph it was seen that beta was relatively constant at an of 2mA. Due to this constant beta, a selection of 2mA for was made. It was found that beta was approximately 230. It should be noted that a value of 1mA could also have been chosen, based on the same criteria upon which was chosen. To add some justification to the value chosen, the graph of Base- Emitter ON voltage vs Collector Current was also considered. It was known that an approximate value for was 0.68V. Using again the graph at room temperature, (25 °C), the corresponding value for a voltage of 0.68 was 2mA. Since multiple graphs indicated that a value of 2mA would be appropriate, therefore, was chosen to be 2mA. Calculation of The following shows the steps involved in determining the value of. A requirement was maximum symmetrical swing. That is, must be able to increase and decrease by the same value. From the circuit,( figure 8), is in series with the emitter of transistor, and therefore in series with the voltage. Since would cause a voltage drop, , across itself, this would therefore reduce the voltage . This voltage drop across, that is, would therefore limit the symmetrical swing. So, to obtain maximum symmetrical swing, it was desired that be negligible, when compared to the voltage drop across. With a small , then would be large, and hence produce maximum symmetrical swing. Since 10% can be considered negligible in comparison to 90%, it was therefore assumed that was one tenth the supply voltage. That is,= 1/10..[1] Since was given as 15volts, then, = 1/10 (15) = 1.5 volts Ohms law was applied, Then, = à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [2] In the circuit, the current which flows through , was the same current . (It is seen later that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.[20]) Therefore, = à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[3] The formula was rearranged to make the subject, =à ·. Since = 2mA, Therefore,= 1.5Và ·2mA So, = 750à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ Calculation for The following shows the steps involved in determining the value of. The design for maximum symmetrical swing was considered here. Applying Kirchhoffs Voltage Law (K.V.L) to the circuit: = à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..[4] Equation [4] was rearranged giving the equation: = So, = -à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..[5] Recall, for maximum symmetrical swing, that must increase and decrease by the same value. This implies that would therefore be equal to. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[6] Therefore, = -à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..[7] So, 2=-à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[8] Hence, =-) à ·2 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.[9] Where =15V and =1.5V Therefore = (15-1.5) à ·2 =13.5 à ·2 = 6.75V Ohms law was applied, = à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[10] The formula was rearranged to make the subject giving, = à ·, Since = 2mA Therefore, = (6.75V) à · 2mA = 3375à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ Calculation for values of and The following shows the steps involved in determining the value of and . The circuit in figure 8 was firstly redrawn as shown in figure 9. This was done so that the Thevenins model of the circuit could be easily obtained. Figure 10 shows the Thevenins model for the circuit. Q1 2N3904 Vcc R1 R2 RE Rc Vcc Figure : Redrawn Circuit from Figure 8 Source: Electronic Workbench Software- Multisim Q1 2N3904 Vcc RTH Re Rc VTH Figure 10: Thevenins Model of the Circuit Source: Electronic Workbench Software From figure 9, Thevenins Theorem was applied for the resistance. This gave, = // à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[11] = ) à · à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.[12] Below shows how an expression for was found. Since was in parallel with, therefore, the voltage across is the same as the voltage across. Voltage Divider Rule was applied to obtain: = à · ]* à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.[13] K.V.L was applied to the circuit in figure 10, this resulted in, = ++à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.[14] But = +à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.[15] So, by substitution of equation [4] into equation [3] gives, = +++à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[16] Also, = ÃŽÂ ²Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[17] Substituting [17] in [16] gives, = ++ (ÃŽÂ ²+ = ++ (1+ÃŽÂ ² = + {1+ÃŽÂ ²)+ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..[18] Rearranging [18] to make the subject of the formula gives, +{1+ÃŽÂ ²)+ = +{1+ÃŽÂ ²) =- Therefore, =- à · +{1+ÃŽÂ ²)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[19] Since hfe is high, to ensure that IB does not cause variations in VB, IB was chosen as one tenth . Also, Recall [15]:= + In transistor designs, the base current, , is made much smaller than the collector current. (recall from introduction). Hence, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.[20] Since is therefore significantly smaller than, then, it can be said that is negligible when compared to. Therefore, it was assumed that was one tenth of. So =1/10 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[21] Since = 2mA Hence,=1/10 (2mA) So,= 0.2mA Since = I2, then, I2 = 0.2mA When the transistor is on, also known as being forward biased, there is a voltage drop of 0.7 volts across the base-emitter.i.e. = 0.7 volts. K.V.L was applied to the circuit in figure, V2=+à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[22] Ohms law was used, I2R2= +à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.[23] The formula was rearranged to make R2 the subject, R2 =+) à · I2 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[24] Since = 1.5V, = 0.7V and I2 = 0.2mA Then, I2R2= (1.5V +0.7V) Therefore, R2 = (1.5V +0.7V) à · 0.2mA R2 = 2.2V à · 0.2 mA Hence, R2 = 11kà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ The Voltage divider rule was used to find the value of R1 So, VB =(R2 * ) à · (R1 +R2)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[25] The formula was rearranged to make R1 the subject. (R1 +R2) VB = (R2 * ) (R1 +R2) = (R2 * ) à · VB Therefore, R1 = [(R2 * ) à · VB ] R2 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..[26] So, R1= [(11kà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ *15V)à · 2.2V] 11kà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ R1= [(165000)à · 2.2] 11kà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ R1= 75000-11000 Therefore, R1 =64000à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ R1 = 64kà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ The following table shows the calculated and standard resistor values. The standard resistor values represent the resistors that are available. It is unlikely that stores have a 3.375kà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ resistor, hence a value close to it (3.6kà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦) would be chosen. Resistor Calculated Value (kà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦) Standard Value(kà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦) RE 0.75 0.75 RC 3.375 3.6 R1 64 62 R2 11 10 Table Showing Calculated and Standard Resistor values Now that R1 and R2 have been calculated, VTH , RTH and IB , can now be calculated. Recall [12] = ) à · à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[12] Therefore, RTH = (64k*11k) à · (64k+11k) RTH = 9386.667à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ Recall [13] = à · ]* à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[13] Therefore, = [ 11k à ·(11k +64k)]* 15 = 2.2V Therefore, IB can now be found. Recall [19] =- à · +{1+ÃŽÂ ²Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[19] So, IB = 2.2 -0.7 à · (9386.667 + {1+230}(750) IB = 0.0082mA AC Analysis The following describes the operating conditions for the AC analysis. The AC analysis was done using h-parameters. The figure below shows the circuit used for AC analysis. Q1 2N3904 Vcc R1 R2 Re RE* Rc RL Co Ci CE Figure : Circuit used for AC Analysis Source: Electronic Workbench Software- Multisim The equivalent of this circuit is shown below. Figure 12: Equivalent Circuit Source: Electronic Workbench Software-Multisim Figure : Equivalent Circuit hfeIB R1 hie R2 Re Rc RL K.V.L was applied and the result was obtained. (Re and RE* were taken as a single resistor, RE) So, Vin= hie IBà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.[27] And Vo= hfeIB(Rc//RL)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[28] Since voltage gain is given by, Av = à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.[29] Therefore, Av = -hfeIB(Rc//RL) à · hie IBà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.[30] Hence, Av =- hfe(Rc//RL) à · hieà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..[31] The value for Av was therefore found. In the transistor data sheet, using the graph of Input Impedance, it was seen that at a collector current, of 2mA, that the corresponding hie value was 2kà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦. The graph of Typical Pulsed Current Gain vs , hfe was 230. Av = 230( 3375//100000) à · 2000 Av = -230 ( 3265) à · 2000 Av = -(750950) à · 2000 Therefore, Av = 375.475 However, the design specified a voltage gain of 50. Since 375.475 is greater than 50, the resistor RE was split into two smaller resistors, Re and RE*. The resistor RE* was bypassed with a capacitor. (Page 28 shows theoretically how the introduction of the bypass capacitor reduces the gain of the amplifier.) Calculation of Re and RE* The following shows the method in which Re and RE* were determined K.V.L was applied to the circuit in figure 12. At the input, Vin = IBhie + (IB +hfeIB) Reà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[32] Vin = IB (hie + (1 +hfe) Re )à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[33] At the output, Vo = -IBhfe (Rc //RL)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..[34] Therefore, voltage gain, Av = Voà · Vinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [29] Av = -IBhfe(Rc //RL) à · [IB(hie + (1 +hfe) Re )]à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[35] [35] Simplified was to, Av = hfe(Rc //RL) à · [(hie + (1 +hfe) Re )]à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..[36] The formula,[36] was rearranged to make Re the subject. So, [(hie + (1 +hfe) Re )] = hfe(Rc //RL) à · Av [(1 +hfe) Re ] = [ hfe(Rc //RL) à · Av ] hie Therefore , Re = {[ hfe(Rc //RL) à · Av ] hie }à · (1+ hfe )à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[37] The appropriate values were substituted into the equation and the value of Re was determined. Since the desired gain is 50, hence, Av is substituted as 50. Re = {[ 230(3375 //100) à · -50 ] 2000 }à · (1+ 230) Re = {[ 230(3265) à · -50 ] 2000 }à · ( 231) Re = {[ 15019 ] 2000 }à · ( 231) Re = {13019}à · ( 231) Re = 56.359 Therefore, Re = 56à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ Since RE = Re + RE*à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..[38] Then , 750 = 56 + RE* Therefore, RE* = 694à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ The following table shows the calculated and standard resistor values for Re and RE*. The standard values represent the values of resistors that were available. Resistor Calculated value (kà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦) Standard value (kà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦) Re 0.056359 0.056 RE* 0.694 0.680 Table Showing Calculated standard resistor value Calculation for Capacitor values, Ci ,Co and CE The following shows the steps involved in the calculations of Ci , CO and CE. Ci and CO act as decoupling capacitors in the circuit. The power supply decoupling capacitors filter undesired electronic signals which have been coupled onto the power supply voltage. (Kelly and Emad 1998). Essentially, what this means is that the decoupling capacitors block the DC voltage while permitting the AC to flow. This prevents the DC signal from affecting the bias. Also, it blocks the DC from reaching the AC input source. The main function of the bypass capacitor was to reduce the gain of the amplifier to the desired value. Without the bypass capacitor, the gain of the amplifier was given by, Av =- hfe(Rc//RL) à · hieà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..[31] With the introduction of the bypass capacitor, the gain was now denoted by, Av = hfe(Rc //RL) à · [(hie + (1 +hfe) Re )]à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[36] From these two equations, since the numerator is the same, and the denominator is larger in [36], hence, the value of Av would be smaller. Therefore, the gain would be reduced with the introduction of the bypass capacitor. Also, the bypass capacitor is to filter out noise at high frequencies. Basically, as the frequency of a signal increases and the pulse width decreases, the impedance of the capacitor decreases and the bypass capacitor acts as a short circuit to these high frequency charges. The dissipation of high frequency charge is related to the value of the capacitor and the subsequent series resistance associated with it. (Wenzel et al.1997.) Firstly, when a particular capacitor was being analyzed, (to be calculated), the other two capacitors were considered as short circuits. This was done so that the effect of the individual capacitor on the circuit could be analyzed. Capacitors act as short circuits, allowing current to flow through them and bypassing the component. The reactance of a capacitor, Xc, is given by, Xc =1à · (2à Ã¢â€š ¬fC)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[39] where f is the frequency. There would be a voltage drop across the capacitor. With respect to the capacitor at the input, this voltage drop across the capacitor would therefore limit the voltage across the resistors R1 and R2 .Hence , reduce the voltage being sent to the input of the amplifier to be amplified. It is desired that the maximum voltage possible, be sent to the input to be amplified. Since this voltage drop across the capacitor limits the voltage being sent to the input, it is therefore desired that the voltage drop across the capacitor be negligible in comparison to the input impedance of the circuit. Hence, the reactance of the capacitor was assumed to be one tenth of the input impedance, Zi. So, for capacitor Ci, , Reactance Xci = 1/10 Zià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[40] In figure 12 , the input impedance Zi is given by, Zi = R1 //R2//hieà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..[41] In the transistor data sheet, using the graph of Input Impedance, it was seen that at a collector current, of 2mA, that the corresponding hie value was 2kà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦. Therefore, Zi = 64kà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦//11kà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦//2kà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ Zi =9.387kà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦//2kà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ So, Zi = 1.649kà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ Now, Xci = 1/10 Zi Hence, Xci = 1/10(1.649kà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦) So, Xci = 164.9à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ Recall [39], Xc =1à · (2à Ã¢â€š ¬fC) Therefore, Xci =1à · (2à Ã¢â€š ¬fCi) The formula was rearranged to make Ci the subject. 2à Ã¢â€š ¬fCi =1à · Xci Therefore, Ci = 1à · (Xci *2à Ã¢â€š ¬f)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.[41] Since f represents the lower cut off frequency, which was given as 100Hz. Hence the value for Ci was found. C i= 1à · (Xci *2à Ã¢â€š ¬f) Ci = 1à · (164.9 *2à Ã¢â€š ¬{100}) Ci = 1à · (103609.726) Ci = 0.00000965F So, Ci = 9.65uF A similar method was used to find CO. The reactance of the capacitor was considered negligible in comparison the output impedance. This was done so that there would be a minimal voltage drop across the capacitor and the maximum output voltage dropped across the load resistor, RL. So, XCO = 1/10 ZO, (similar to [40] ) Where ZO= (RC//RL) Then, ZO= (3.375kà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦//100kà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦) So ZO= 3.265kà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ Since XCO = 1/10 ZO Then, XCO = 1/10(3.265kà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ XCO =326.5à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ Now, XCO =1à ·(2à Ã¢â€š ¬fCO) The formula was rearranged to make CO the subject. The result was as follows. CO = 1à · (XCO *2à Ã¢â€š ¬f) Therefore CO =1à ·(326.5 *2à Ã¢â€š ¬*100) CO = 4.87uF Similarly, for CE. The reactance of the capacitor was considered negligible in comparison the output impedance. This was done so that there would be a minimal voltage drop across the capacitor and the maximum output voltage dropped across the resistor, Re. XCE = 1/10 Re XCE = 1/10 (56) XCE = 5.6à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ Since , XCE = 1à · (2à Ã¢â€š ¬fCE) The formula was rearranged to make CE the subject. The result was as follows. CE= 1à · (XCE*2à Ã¢â€š ¬f) CE = 1à · (5.6*2à Ã¢â€š ¬*100) CE = 284uF The following table shows the calculated, standard and the chosen capacitor values for Ci ,Co and Ce . Capacitor Calculated Value (uF) Standard Capacitor Value(uF) Capacitor value chosen (uF) Ci 9.65 10 ,47 47 Co 4.87 4.7 4.7 Ce 284 330 330 Table Showing Calculated and Standard Capacitor values The standard capacitor values represent the capacitor values that were available in stores. It is generally rare to find a capacitor value of exactly 4.87uF, hence a value of 4.7uF was chosen. The value of Ci was chosen to be 47uF instead of 10uf to ensure that the frequency was not exceeded. From the equation, C i= 1à · (Xci *2à Ã¢â€š ¬f), it was noticed that if that capacitor value was increased, the frequency would decrea

The Development of Action in Kate Chopins The Storm Essay -- Chopin S

The Development of Action in The Storm "The Storm" by Kate Chopin is about a storm that passes through a coastal townin the Southern United States. The story charts the different phases of the storm, and then associates the character interaction with each phase. The tension between characters increases as the physical aspects of the storm become more violent. This essay will outline the development of the storm and coincide character relationships with the outline. The passing of the storm is the central action in The Storm and this essay will analyze the affect it has on the story as a whole. The storm is noted in the first line of the story. The stillness in the air alerted even Bibi, the boy, of the incoming weather. We find that both the boy and his father are worried about Calixta, the female head of the household. Bobinot is the husband and father. The mounting conditions make him think of his wife at home, and the sanctity of a strong marriage in contrast with the turbulence of a storm; he buys her a can of the shrimp that she is so fond of, a type of security for times when conditions are adverse. (Stanford, 665) Calixta is at home; her work has left her unaware of the gathering clouds. The next mention of the physicalities of the storm comes along with a stranger on a horse. The reader learns that the animals are huddled away from the storm, leading one to believe that the sense of changing weather is instinctual and that creatures will behave instinctually. Just as the stranger is to voice an opinion that would break a dangerous chain of event ... ...ions were perfect for a storm. Chopin does show humans with power over these conditions, when Alcee must fight his instinctive desires and leave Calixta for example, even though in most respects she treats the lustful urges encountered by Calixta and Alcee as uncontrollable and unavoidable as a storm. Chopin wanted to show that human nature is still a part of nature and that humans still must cater to Mother Nature s whims. The storm in this story is not essential for Chopin to get her point across, though it is a very strong backbone to carry her idea. She could have chosen several natural occurrences. Storms are traditionally literarily friendly and that humans have a certain fascination with storms. In closing, the different phases of the storm in this story is a good guideline for matters of the heart.

Boston Teaparty :: essays research papers

Boston Teaparty In 1773, Britain's East India Company was sitting on large stocks of tea that it could not sell in England. It was on the verge of bankruptcy. In an effort to save it, the government passed the Tea Act of 1773, which gave the company the right to export its merchandise directly to the colonies without paying any of the regular taxes that were imposed on the colonial merchants, who had traditionally served as the middlemen in such transactions. With these privileges, the company could undersell American merchants and monopolize the colonial tea trade. The act proved inflammatory for several reasons. First, it angered influential colonial merchants, who feared being replaced and bankrupted by a powerful monopoly. The East India Company's decision to grant franchises to certain American merchants for the sale of their tea created further resentments among those excluded from this lucrative trade. More important, however, the Tea Act revived American passions about the issue of taxation without representation. The law provided no new tax on tea. Lord North assumed that most colonists would welcome the new law because it would reduce the price of tea to consumers by removing the middlemen. But the colonists responded by boycotting tea. Unlike earlier protests, this boycott mobilized large segments of the population. It also helped link the colonies together in a common experience of mass popular protest. Particularly important to the movement were the activities of colonial women, who were one of the principal consumers of tea and now became the leaders of the effort to the boycott. Various colonies made plans to prevent the East India Company from landing its cargoes in colonial ports. In ports other than Boston, agents of the company were "persuaded" to resign, and new shipments of tea were either returned to England or warehoused. In Boston, the agents refused to resign and, with the support of the royal governor, preparations were made to land incoming cargoes regardless of opposition. After failing to turn back the three ships in the harbor, local patriots led by Samuel Adams staged a spectacular drama. On the evening of December 16, 1773, three companies of fifty men each, masquerading as Mohawk Indians, passed through a tremendous crowd of spectators, went aboard the three ships, broke open the tea chests, and heaved them into the harbor.As the electrifying news of the Boston "tea party" spread, other seaports followed the example and staged similar acts of resistance of their own.

Outlier

1. The large difference between how I have thought and understood success compared to the way Malcolm Gladwell argues is the circumstances and families that create success. Previous to reading this book, I strongly believed that the way to become successful was to put in hard work. For example, my theory to success was similar along the lines to what Malcolm Gladwell discusses earlier in the book. He says, â€Å"Practice isn’t the thing you do once you’re good. It’s the thing you do that makes you good†(Gladwell, 2008). I believed if you practiced what you want to be successful at everyday, you would eventually end up reaching your goal.However, after reading Malcolm Gladwell’s opinion my beliefs are now different. One of the more important examples Malcolm Gladwell mentions that showed how different I thought was the success story of Bill Gates. I personally believed that Bill Gates was successful only because he was an intelligent man who was driv en by hard work and his goal to create the personal computer. Previous to this novel my only education on Bill Gates was from reading short articles about him and from what I have heard from friends and teachers. What I did not know about Bill Gates was his given circumstance and the support from his family and others.Malcolm Gladwell mentions that there important opportunities that were â€Å"incredible lucky series of events†(Gladwell, 2008), that created his success. Some of the opportunities Bill Gates was given were his â€Å"free computer time at the University of Washington†(Gladwell, 2008) and also previous to that his mother along with others â€Å"had enough money to pay for his high school Lakesides computer fees†(Gladwell, 2008). Without the circumstance of Bill Gates receiving free computer time, chances are he wouldn’t have been nearly as intelligent and innovative with computers as he is today.To reiterate Malcolm Gladwell’s argument about super achievers are successful because of their families, in Bill Gates circumstance it is true. He wouldn’t have had the opportunity to practice with computers at a young age if his mother couldn’t afford to pay for the schools computer fees. Based on Bill Gates example Malcolm Gladwell writes about, it creates a credible argument to how he believes how to become successful. I did not even consider before reading this novel that family and the fortunate circumstances you are given are a substantial part to ones success.However, now it is crucial that it is not overlooked. 2. In my opinion, the â€Å"cultural language† in the United States varies across the country depending on where you are from. I believe that in some regions of the United States the cultural language is similar to the language represented by the co-pilot Koltz in â€Å"The Ethnic Theory of Plane Crashes†(Gladwell, 2008). However, I also believe in other vicinities in the United States the cultural language is outgoing and in the situation presented in the plane crash chapter, the cultural language would have been much more extrovert.The cultural language across the United States has emerged and evolved based on where you and your parents are from and how you were raised. Moments before the plane â€Å"Avianca 052†(Gladwell, 2008) crashed after running out of fuel, Co-Pilot Mauricio Klotz attempted to warn Kennedy Airport that their airplane did not have the sufficient amount of fuel to land. However, because Klotz was using â€Å"his own cultural language†, the controllers were not able to comprehend the trouble Avianca 052 was really in. I believe Klotz’s mitigated speech during this problem is similar to some cultural languages in the United States.For example, Malcolm Gladwell discusses Robert Sternberg’s theory of â€Å"practical intelligence†(Gladwell, 2008). To Sternberg, practical intelligence is â€Å"knowledge t hat helps out read situations correctly and get what you want†(Gladwell, 2008). It is clear that Klotz’s cultural language lacked practical intelligence. However, I believe numerous cultures in the United States also lack the same intelligence. Malcolm Gladwell recalls a study where â€Å"Annette Lareau conducted a fascinating study of a group of third graders†(Gladwell, 2008). Results of the study showed that lower-class children are â€Å"quiet and submissive†(Gladwell, 2008).Therefore, children and adults who are from lower-class families very well could have responded the same way Klotz did during a time of emergency. The cultural language of the United States can also be outgoing and far from â€Å"quiet and submissive†. Malcolm Gladwell discusses the South and the personalities people possess there. From results of an experiment, it had shown that Southerners were more willing to stand up for themselves. The experiment consisted of calling the m an â€Å"asshole† to see if it â€Å"caused their levels of testosterone and cortisol-the hormones that drive arousal and aggression-to go up† (Gladwell, 2008).The results were the Southerners â€Å"were angry, their cortisol and testosterone jumped. Their handshakes got firm†. It is easy to predict how a Southerner would have reacted to a plane moment’s way from crashing if they react strongly to simply being called a derogatory name. My guess is that if a Southerner was a co-pilot, the controllers at Kennedy Airport would have understood the trouble the airplane was in. I believe our vast cultural language derived from what Malcolm Gladwell would call â€Å"the culture of honor†(Gladwell, 2008).The â€Å"culture of honor† describes people behave the way they do because of where â€Å"you grew up or where your parents grew up†¦where your great-grandparents and your great-great-grandparents grew up and even where your great-great-gre at-grandparents grew up†(Gladwell, 2008). This explains our difference in the United States culture because the majority of the people living in the United States families were once immigrants. People come from all over the world to live in the U. S. and that is why are culture is different from any others.I believe our vast cultural language works in favor with our social structure because it matches with the supply and demand of our economy. For example, there are plenty of jobs in the United States where people who respect their superiors and are afraid to speak up can work. Also, there are opportunities to open up your own business if you contain traits similar to Malcolm Gladwell’s example of a Southerner and do not mesh well with being told what to do. 3. When Gladwell says that biologists talk about the ‘ecology’ of an organism he is referring to why certain organisms are more successful than others.Malcolm Gladwell is inferring that the â€Å"talle st oak in the forest is the tallest not just because it grew from the hardiest acorn†(Gladwell, 2008). It is the tallest oak in the forest because of many more reasons. Reasons that include luck and some things that cannot be controlled. For example, when discussing about oak trees, Gladwell mentions that one oak tree is the tallest because â€Å"no other tree blocked its sunlight†¦no rabbit chewed through its bark†¦ and no lumberjack cut it down before it matured†(Gladwell, 2008).Gladwell’s point of the ecology of this certain tree is that is it the most successful because of certain circumstances it was placed in. The â€Å"Matthew Effect† or also known as â€Å"accumulative advantage† is when â€Å"those who are successful are most likely to be given the kinds of special opportunities that lead to further success†(Gladwell, 2008). Malcolm Gladwell’s example of accumulative advantage is hockey players and how at a young age they achieve success. Gladwell discusses that â€Å"the professional hockey player starts out a little bit better than his peers.And that little difference leads to an opportunity that makes that difference a bit bigger†(Gladwell, 2008). An important implication of the hockey example is that the similarities in the age of the hockey players who have had success. The majority of the hockey players in Canada are born in â€Å"January, February, and March†(Gladwell, 2008). Because of the fact that these professional hockey players were born in the beginning of the year they had an advantage over those who were born later in the year.The reason why they have an advantage is because when they were young they were bigger and more matured than those who were born later in the year. Since that these hockey players were bigger than the other kids they were given the opportunity to play hockey at more of an elite level. This is a prime example of â€Å"The Matthew Effect† and it explains that ones who are successful are given more opportunities to be more successful. However, accumulative advantage and ecology both are very similar.For example, along with the accumulative advantage in the hockey player instance there is also ecology to it. As mentioned earlier, the ecology of an organism is lucky or uncontrollable circumstances that occur. For the most part, the date of birth of a person is often uncontrollable and is not often planned. Accumulative advantage and ecology as seen in this example, are often correlated with one another. In both the Matthew Effect and the ecology and an organism, people are given a better opportunity. References Gladwell, M. (2008). Outliers. New York: Little,Brown and Company.

Live Life On Purpose

My purpose in life is to be successful in what I want to be become and just life general. Life can be tough at times, but when have my family there to soups art and help push me through those times it will become easier. That is why I drew my fame ill on my surfboard. Just the help and support from my family won't make me successful LU. I am the one who needs to make me successful. In the future, I want to become a photographer/film editor. In order for me to pursue what I want to become I have to finish and pass high school and get AC accepted into the college/ university I would like to attend.The Academy of Art University is where would like to major in photography and Fine Arts. Need to make sure get g DOD grades throughout high school. Yet, for me to pass high school with Ass and B' s I need work my hardest and study hard. This is why I chose a picture of a camera, dry ewe a book and wrote down â€Å"Academy of Art University' on my surfboard. â€Å"layoff have faith anything is possible. † this is said by Betray Hamilton in the movie Soul Surfer. Strongly agree with Betray. I believe that if I don't have f that in myself won't become what I want to be and be successful in it.I need to have e faith and confidence in myself for me to pass and graduate high school, get accepted in to the Academy of Art University, and graduate college in what I want to major in. The at is why I quoted Betray on my surfboard. Also, another challenge for me to become successful and live my purpose of lie fee is money. College is a lot of money to enroll, books, classes, supplies etc. I can' t just rely on my parents and family to pay all of it. I'm going to have to pay for most enrollment, gas, a place to live, groceries and everything else in order to live.

Finny The Great

Throughout the novel A Separate Peace by John Knowles, there were two dominant characters. Gene who is the narrator and Finny who is Gene’s best friend have a great relationship shown in A Separate Peace. Finny whose real name is Phineas has three qualities, manipulation, athleticism, and is a strong leader. Manipulation is shown all through the novel by Finny and is one of his best assets that he has. We see his manipulation skills from getting out of trouble when they skipped dinner to the time he made Gene first jump out of the tree. The reason sir is that we just had to jump out of that tree. You know that tree†¦because we’re all getting ready for the war†¦Mr. Prud’homme released his breath with a sort of amazed laugh, stared at Finny for awhile, and that was all there was to it’† (15,16). Finny, in this quote, gets Gene and himself out of trouble after they skipped dinner the night before and every time they get in trouble. In the Super Suicide Society of the Summer Session he persuades Gene to go on the jump every night even though Gene does not want to and would rather study. Finny is an incredible athlete, modest, and is very brave, this is shown through his breaking of the long-standing school swimming record and not wanting to show off his talent. Another athletic move Finny makes is inventing a new game called blitzball during the summer classes, which they play all the time. When Finny breaks his leg and is never able to play sports again it devastates him. â€Å"‘Listen, pal, if I cant play sports, you’re going to play them for me’† (77). When Finny says this his anger is so high since he cannot play sports that he ant someone else to play for him to have that security of sports still around him. Throughout the novel Finny shows great leadership. Everything done by Finny and his friends he is leading. When they made up Blitzball he was the one who made up the rules and tells Gene and their friends how to play the game. â€Å"‘Now Leper has just brought out a really important fine point of the game. The receiver can refuse a pass if he happens to choose to. Sine we’re all enemies, we can and will turn on each other all the time. We call that the Lepellier Refusal’† 30). Finny has a knack for leading people and does this when they first start the Super Suicide Society of the Summer Session. Without Phineas using his charismatic attitude, athleticism and his leadership skills the novel would be very boring. Finny `s charismatic attitude shown all throughout the novel helps him get the things he wants and has excitement in the novel. His athleticism makes him competitive and makes up the game of the summer blitzball. Finny has great leadership skills so he can manipulate people and get what he wants from his friends.

Impact transportation has on the economy and the environment Research Paper

Impact transportation has on the economy and the environment - Research Paper Example Products produced in a certain locality can be transported to other regions where they are scarce. In these regions, the prices will be a bit higher. This additional income economically empowers the producers. Efficient transport enhances mobility of people and goods. This saves on time and costs. The people can move easily to their employment places and the businessmen can also transport their products to the markets. This enhances economic activities in the country. Transportation companies also offer employment to many people (Rodrigue & Notteboom, 2013). This employment provides income to the people and reduces unemployment in a given country. A low level of unemployment is an indicator of economic growth. Another economic impact is that transportation enables access to a wider market. This enables division of labor and specialization. This is because when a variety of products can be availed to consumers when they are required from any region, then the producers of that particular region do not have to produce all sorts of products but can specialize in some of the products. Specialization leads to better production methods, which eventually lead firms to increase their production. Increased output leads firms to enjoy the economies of scale hence greater profitability. Higher production also leads to a higher demand for transportation services, which leads to greater profitability for those in the transportation business. Transport also enables companies to get access to inputs and skilled labor. Skilled labor enables firms to use the most efficient and cost effective methods in production. This lowers the cost of production and increases profits for businesses (MaÄ iulis, Vasiliauskas & Jakubauskas, 2009). Indirect effects include lowering of product prices, increase of product variety and purchases by companies in the transport sector. Since transport enhances the mobility of people and commodities, goods can be availed to any region from all

Self Analysis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Self Analysis Paper - Essay Example This is particularly more prevalent in male-dominated industries, such as the transportation industry, where I have been working for a long time. Others believe that an aggressive female manager will experience backlash, but not in my case, specifically when I work with men (Brescoll, 2011, p.626). As a result, when I work with the opposite sex, I act like a man who is more aggressive in expressing and negotiating my arguments and ideas. On the contrary, when I work with women, I am less aggressive and more empathetic. I prefer keeping peace than expressing aggressive ideas when dealing with women. Thus, I follow a double-standard approach when dealing with coworkers. Upon realizing my double-standard gender behaviors, I have become aware that my strengths are my long experience in working with men, which makes me aware of their non-verbal and verbal language and my ability to project a strong image that can elicit respect from men, although I do need to improve on my ability to be firm without necessarily being masculinized in the process. Being in the transportation business for so long, I know how to â€Å"read† and respond to men. I agree with Kimmel (2009) that some men continue to preserve masculine identities, where they believe that they must be the primary breadwinners and decision-makers in their families (p.326). I know who among my coworkers are traditional in this way and who are more liberal, which is seen in how they speak and interact with men and women, including female managers. This knowledge allows me to adapt to male egoism and how I can reduce their anxiety of being under a female manager. Another source of strength o f mine is that I can gain the respect of male subordinates. I do this through my masculine style of management, where I am direct in my rules and expectations and firm in my rewards and punishment measures. Despite these strengths, I do believe that I need to work on a more balanced gender management identity. I