The impact of mobile devices on Cyber Security Research Proposal

The impact of mobile devices on Cyber Security - Research Proposal Example The proposed topic has been developed in the context of a research developed in regard to Cyber Security. As an aspect of the IT discipline, Cyber Security is highly analyzed through existing literature. However, the relationship between the Cyber Security and the mobile devices has not been adequately explored. Indeed, the review of relevant literature revealed that not all aspects of Cyber Security have been explored in the context of academic research. In addition, the popularity of mobile devices has been highly increased today, especially due to the radical development of technology on with these mobile devices are based. From this point of view, the proposed topic is considered as quite valuable, offering important information in regard to the relationship between Cyber Security and the mobile devices that have become quite popular. Another aspect of the study’s value is the following one: in the context of the research developed for this study the literature developed i n this field is carefully reviewed; academic studies have been identified and analyzed as of their impact on Cyber Security. This task is quite important due to the uniqueness of the study. Indeed, the review of relevant literature has led to the assumption that there is no study with similar topic, a fact that increases the firm’s value for supporting the academic research in regard to Cyber Security. In addition, the proposed study serves an important need: the need for identifying current material related to Cyber Security.

Poverty in Rural America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Poverty in Rural America - Essay Example A system based on free market economics makes it difficult for the most vulnerable to gradually move forward towards greater security. Farm workers who must perform physically demanding work on minimal wages cannot continue to work forever and this means that a need exists to find ways for trying to ensure that individuals can meet their needs to retire in dignity. This essay presents a discussion about poverty in rural America to conclude that perhaps efforts to stimulate entrepreneurship that is personalised and tailor made for individuals using community funds by empowered local leadership may work better. Tax credits, temporary financial assistance and allocation of low paying but draining jobs to poor individuals have failed to present lasting solutions for improving the lot of the rural poor in America and elsewhere. The term ‘poverty’ refers to a lack of income or other resources needed for maintaining a minimally acceptable standard of living (Goreham, 572 – 573). According to the previously mentioned author, poverty in the United States of America has often been associated with urban slums and ghettos, but historically and today, poverty in the United States of America is far more prevalent in the rural areas compared to the urban areas of the country. According to the United States Census Bureau, about 13% of the total population of the United States of America, about 37 million people, lived below the poverty line in the year 2005 (GAO, 1). In addition, the U.S. Census Bureau stated that for the past four years, the poverty rate in the United States had been increasing (Spriggs, 14). However, the fact that nearly eighty-five percent of America’s high poverty counties were not metropolitan suggests that rural poverty is the more prevalent and acute compared to urba n poverty (Landon, 14 – 15). Thus, it is clear that it

The United States Congress Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The United States Congress - Research Proposal Example The credentials of Donald A. Ritchie were the yardstick that led to the selection of this source. He is the Historian of the United States Senate, he edited the closed hearing transcripts of Senator Joseph R. McCarthys investigations, and his book, Press Gallery: Congress and the Washington Correspondents won him the Organization of American Historians Richard W. Leopold Prize. A. Introduction: Overview of United States Congress. This will include a brief history of Congress, the position of Congress in United States’ political life and the research questions: â€Å"how does the Congress affect the United States economy?† and why does the Congress evolve from a unicameral legislative body to a bicameral legislative one comprising the Senate and House of Representatives?† will first be presented in the introduction. B. History and evolution of the United State Congress. A detail history of the United State Congress, which will include the different eras the Congress has passed through, is presented. The structure of Congress will also be examined. In the part, the research question: â€Å"why does the Congress evolve from a unicameral legislative body to a bicameral legislative one comprising the Senate and House of Representatives?† will be answered. Questions such as, â€Å"who are the Founding Fathers of Congress?†, â€Å"what was their mission?†, and â€Å"where was the Congress formed?† will be answered. C. Powers of the United States Congress. A detailed discussion of Congressional power will be presented. The role the Congress has play since its formation and down through the history of the United States will be investigated and revealed. The concepts of checks and balances will be discussed in this part. Research questions such as how does â€Å"the Congress affect the United States economy?†, â€Å"how does the Congress play into the President’s role?†, and â€Å"how does the Congress handle political issues with other

AQA AS Philosophy Reason and Experience Key Points Essay Example for Free

AQA AS Philosophy Reason and Experience Key Points Essay †¢There are different types of knowledge: acquaintance, ability and propositional knowledge. Theories of knowledge discussed here are about propositional knowledge. †¢Knowledge is not the same as belief. Beliefs can be mistaken, but no-one can know what is false. †¢Knowledge is not the same as true belief, either. True beliefs may not be justified, but can be believed without evidence. To be knowledge, a belief must be justified. †¢Rationalism claims that we can have synthetic a priori knowledge of how things are outside the mind. †¢Empiricism denies this. It claims that all a priori knowledge is only of analytic propositions. Do all ideas derive from sense experience? †¢Locke argues that the mind at birth is a ‘tabula rasa’ – there are no innate ideas, which Locke defines as ideas present in the mind from birth. †¢Locke argues that there is no truth that everyone, including idiots and children, assents to – so no truth is innate. †¢Rationalists define innate ideas as ideas (concepts or propositions) whose content can’t be gained from experience, but which are triggered by experience. †¢Locke and Hume argue that all concepts are derived from sense experience, from impressions of sensation or reflection. †¢They claim that simple concepts are copies of impressions; complex concepts are created out of simple concepts by combining and abstracting them. †¢One argument for innate concepts is to challenge the empiricist to show how a particular complex or abstract concepts, for example, a physical object, is supposed to be derived from experience. If it cannot be, and it is used by children, then this is a reason to think it is innate. Are all claims about what exists ultimately grounded in and justified by sense experience? †¢Hume argues that all a priori knowledge is of relations of ideas, and so analytic. All knowledge of synthetic propositions, matters of fact, is a posteriori. It depends either on present experience or causal inference, which relies on past experience. †¢Our knowledge of matters of fact that relies on induction can only be probably – never proven. †¢Some rationalists, for example, Descartes, try to show that we can use a priori intuition and deductive argument to demonstrate what exists. †¢The core of the idea of rational intuition is that you can ‘see’ the truth of a claim just by thinking about it. †¢Descartes argues that sense experience on its own cannot establish what exists – how can we know that all sense experience is not a deception cause by an evil demon? †¢He argues that he cannot doubt his own existence, and that the mind can exist without the body. †¢Descartes argues for the existence of the physical world by first arguing for the existence of God. From God not being a deceiver, it follow that our sense experience in general can’t be completely mistaken – so they physical world exists. Conceptual schemes and their philosophical implications †¢Thinkers who defend the idea of conceptual schemes often argue that there are two distinguishable elements to our experience – the data of the sense, and then the interpretation of these data by a set of concepts. †¢Some argue that human beings have formulated different conceptual scheme which are not translatable into each other. From the same sense experience, they form different views of the world. †¢Because we must use concepts to formulate truths, we can argue that truths are relative to conceptual schemes. Or more accurately, some truths can only be stated in certain conceptual schemes and not others, and there is no one conceptual scheme which we can use to state all truths. Do all ideas derive from sense experience? II †¢One objection to the empiricist theory of the origin of concepts is that there are some complex concepts, for example, knowledge and beauty that cannot be analysed in terms of simpler concepts. †¢A second objection is that some simple ideas, for example, a particular shade of blue, don’t have to be derived from sense impressions. Empiricists can respond in two ways: all ideas could be derived from sense experience’ or some ideas are exceptions to the rule that all ideas are derived from sense experience, but these exceptions are derived from ideas that are derived from sense experience. †¢Another objection is that it is not possible to derive any concepts from experience, because in order to form concepts, we must make judgements of similarity and difference to classify experiences. But we can only make these judgements if we already have the concepts. †¢Defenders of innate ideas maintain that we innately have very specific capacities for forming particular ideas, and these ideas count as innate. †¢Suggestions for the origin of innate ideas include evolution, God, and a previous existence. Are all claims about what exists ultimately grounded in and justified by sense experience? II †¢Rationalists claim that we have synthetic a priori knowledge either innately or through rational intuition †¢Plato argues that many particular objects can have the same property, for example, beauty. These properties can exist independently of the particular objects, as shown by the fact that is we destroy all beautiful things, we haven’t destroyed beauty. These properties are instances of the Forms. †¢Plato argues that innate concepts are our knowledge of the Forms, from a previous existence. Unless we had such innate memories, we wouldn’t be able to classify experience using concepts. †¢Descartes argues that he cannot doubt his existence. We can object that he cannot know he exists; only that thoughts exist. †¢Descartes also argues that the mind can exist without the body. We can object that just because he can conceive that this is possible doesn’t show that this is possible. †¢Both these arguments and the objections use a priori reasoning. Hume objects that a priori reasoning can only establish analytic truths. †¢Nietzsche argues that reasoning is not, in fact, something independent that reveals the truth, but is grounded on assumptions about value. Metaphysical theories are the result of attempts to defend a particular way of understanding the world, one that rests on the false assumption that good and bad are opposites. †¢The verification principle claims that a statement only has meaning if it is either analytic or empirically verifiable. However, the principle itself is neither analytic nor empirically verifiable. †¢Rationalists argue that mathematics is an example of synthetic a priori knowledge. Empiricists argue that mathematics is analytic. Is certainty confined to introspection and the tautological? †¢Descartes argues that what we can doubt is not certain enough to be knowledge. However, we can argue that certainty and justification are not the same thing, and that while knowledge needs to be justified, we need an argument to show that it must be certain. †¢Certainty can refer to a subjective feeling, to a proposition being necessarily true or to the impossibility of doubting a proposition. †¢Empiricists claim that analytic truth is the only kind of necessary truth. Rationalists argue that there are synthetic a priori truths that are also necessary. †¢A necessary truth is certain. Claims about mental state, based on introspection, may also be certain for the person whose mental states they are. †¢Whether any other claims are certain depend on whether there are necessary synthetic a priori truths. Conceptual schemes and their philosophical implications II †¢Kant argues that experience is of objects, and asks how it is possible for experience to be intelligible in this way, not a confused buzz. †¢He answers that what makes experience possible are certain concepts, which he calls categories. These categories together express the ‘pure thought of an object’. †¢One such category is causality. This enables us to distinguish the temporal order of our perceptions from the temporal order of objects. †¢Kant argues that to talk of concepts interpreting sensation is misleading. Our sensory experience is always already conceptualised as experience of objects. †¢Two implications of Kant’s theory are that the structure of the everyday world of objects is defined by our a priori concepts; and that we cannot know anything about how reality is completely independent of how we think of it.

Physical Therapist Assistants: Role and Requirements

Physical Therapist Assistants: Role and Requirements Rodny German Sotolongo Physical therapist assistants (PTAs) are health care providers who work as part of a team to provide physical therapy services under the supervision of licensed therapists. They assist individuals of all ages from young to old who have medical problems that deter them from performing their daily chores. They also teach patients how to exercise in order to enhance their strength and coordination. By use of treatment techniques, they examine individuals to relieve pain, enhance mobility and to restore function of the body. In addition, they develop fitness and wellness- oriented programs for healthier living (American Physical Therapy Assocation, 2015). The physical therapist assistant profession has a scope of practice, which is dynamic, growing with evidence, societal needs and education. It has three components, which include professional, jurisdictional and personal (American Physical Therapy Assocation, 2015). The professional scope is defined as a practice that is grounded in the profession’s typical field supported by educational preparation, based on a body of proof, and linked to emerging practice frameworks. The jurisdictional scope of practice is established by a states practice act controlling the specific physical therapist’s license, and the regulations adopted should comply with that act. Finally, the personal scope of practice is made up of activities that are undertaken by an individual physical therapist and located within a physical therapist’s exclusive body of knowledge where the individual is trained, educated, and competent to perform that activity. The physical assistant therapists have codes of ethics, which enhance in defining the ethical principles that form the base of physical therapist practice in client management, consultation, research, and administration. The codes of ethics also provide standards of behavior and performance that form the basis of professional accountability to the public (Curtis, 1999). They include demonstrating integrity in their relationships with clients, families and students. They achieve this by being honest, truthful, accurate and relevant in giving information without exploiting their clients. Physical assistant therapists should also fulfill their legal and professional obligations by obeying the rules and regulations of the state. They should encourage their friends with physical or psychological impairments that may adversely affect their professional responsibilities to seek assistance. Of great significance is that they should participate in all efforts to meet the health needs of peopl e locally, nationally or globally. They can achieve this by providing pro bono physical therapy services or support organizations to meet the health needs of people who are economically disadvantaged (Swisher L, 2010). One of the requirements for this occupation is an associates degree. Many states require licensure after completing an approved degree program. Licensure requires the passage of national and state examination in the field, and these licensure requirements are regulated by Physical Therapy boards. However, most require graduation from an accredited program, must have done some clinical work and a good grade on the National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE). Some states also call for applicants to pass separate tests on medical ethics. Apart from the required state license, physical therapists also have a chance to earn voluntary professional certification in specialist areas and credentials are offered by physical therapy professional organizations. The Commission on Accreditation of Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE) is an important accrediting agency for graduate programs. Accreditation ensures that PT and PTA degree programs maintain particular academic standards and thus will be able to graduate professionals who are very competitive in the society. PTA programs are accredited at the associate level. The National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE), is administered by the Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy (FSBPT). To be able to sit for the National Physical Therapy Examination, one must complete a CAPTE- accredited degree program (SR Education Group, 2014). According to SR Education Group (2014), there are many institutions offering physical therapist programs. One of them is Boston University, which charges $44,880 per year; University of Michigan-Fint, $18,238; and University of New England, $33,145 per year. The programs these universities offer prepare students for a career as a physical therapy aide or assistant. Masters programs in physical therapy typically last two years, and doctoral programs last three years. Bachelor’s programs in physical therapy are often titled â€Å"pre-physical therapy† programs, because they are designed to prepare students for graduate programs in physical therapy. There are many certified occupations in this field. One of them is the clinical electrophysiology, that studies electric functions of the body. The physical therapists who specialize in this area record and interpret data, and then apply their findings to a patients physical therapy plan.There is also cardiovascular and pulmonary, which is treating patients with cardiopulmonary disorders or those who have had cardiac or pulmonary surgery.Other examples include: geriatrics the physical therapy for the elderly and aging; neurology, which deals with patients suffering from brain injuries; orthopaedics, which entails working with people who have broken or weak bones; paediatric physical therapy, which is administered to young children; and women’s health specialists, who assist patients with medical conditions such as pre- and postnatal distress, incontinence, and lower back pain (SR Education Group, 2014). According to McKay (2015), this career is growing more quickly than most other health care jobs. He notes that prospects are even better for physical therapist assistants than for physical therapists who oversee them. The Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts physical therapists will employ more physical therapist assistants to evaluate patients with the intention of lowering the costs. It is estimated that employment growth for physical therapist assistants should average 41 percent between 2012 and 2022 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, 2014). The average salary for this career is about $53,360 per year and the best paid earns $73,760 per year. The modern field of physical therapy is showing dynamic expansion into a variety of new areas that present exciting opportunities for new and currently employed physical therapists and physical therapist assistants. Some of the newest opportunities in this field include working in private offices, workplace, home care serv ices, sports, medicine, school/pre-school, industrial and outpatient clinic. The largest percentage of patients receiving this service are older adults over the age of 65 years (Wedge, Mendoza, Reft, 2014). I have been having a strong interest in this field since my childhood. My strong passion to help people, my first-rate interpersonal skills and the experience I am getting adds ignites more desire of becoming a physical therapist assistant. My aims and objectives after the undergraduate degree is to look for internship to hone my skills in this field. After that, I will look for a job in a health care institution after acquiring the licence. This field truly satisfies me together with the remuneration that comes with it. References American Physical Therapy Association. (2015, February 2). Ethics Professionalism. Retrieved February 25, 2015, from http://www.apta.org/EthicsProfessionalism/ Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. (2014, January 8). Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2014-15 Edition, Occupational Therapy Assistants and Aides. Retrieved February 25, 2015, from http://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/occupational-therapy-assistants-and-aides.htm#tab-2 Curtis, K. A. (1999). The Physical Therapists Guide to Health Care. Thorofare, NJ: SLACK Incorporated,. McKay, D. R. (2015). Physical Therapist -Career Information. Retrieved February 25, 2015, from http://careerplanning.about.com/od/occupations/p/phys_therapist.htm SR Education Group. (2014). Accredited Colleges Offering Physical Therapist Degrees. Retrieved February 25, 2015, from http://www.collegesanddegrees.com/programs/physical-therapy Swisher L, H. P. (2010). The Revised APTA Codes of Ethics for the Physical Therapist Assistant: Theory, Purpose, Process and SInifigance. Physical Therapy, 90 (5), 803-804. Wedge, F., Mendoza, M., Reft, J. (2014). Development of Geriatric Curricular Content Within a Physical Therapist Assistant Education Program. Journal of Physical Therapy Education, 28 (2), 85-90.

Comparing the Orpheus Myth and Conrads The Secret Sharer :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Parallels in the Orpheus Myth and Conrad's The Secret Sharer The myth of Orpheus and his descent into the underworld is paralleled in Joseph Conrad's "The Secret Sharer," revealing a common theme, the narrator's self-fulfillment through the conclusion of his symbolic and inward quest. This parallel, which may be called archetypal, serves to increase the reader's sense of identification with Conrad's narrator, and it lends an otherworldly tone to the work as a whole. Likewise, these echoes of Orphic material lead the reader through three stages. These are a modern and secular rendition of the descent into the unknown, followed by a symbolic rebirth or rejoining of the fractured portions of the complete self, and finally the parting with the previous 'self' that ostensibly existed in the initial state. The reader finds an initial parallel between the myth and story through Conrad's 'sea,' as compared to Orpheus' 'underworld,' along with the surface of the quest motif. The ship in "The Secret Share" is described as "at the starting point of a long journey" (Conrad 273), and as being "very still in an immense stillness.... [where] nothing moved, [and] nothing lived" (273). I read the stillness of the sea and the absence of life is an allusion to the stillness of death, which is the realm Orpheus takes his journey to, before turning homeward. Moreover, the stars are described in this opening scene, but do not reappear in the story until after the departure of 'the secret sharer'; the narrator's Euridice or hidden self (this hidden self aspect closely reflects the 'double' nature of the 'sharer' as well). Between these two appearances of the stars, which could only visible in an 'overworld,' the ship and its crew as consumed by "the tide of darkness" (273) that encompasses the vessel, much as Orpheus leaves behind the stars when he descends into the realm of death in Hades. On a symbolic level, both the Orpheus myth and "The Secret Sharer" use the journey as a rite of passage, or a rebirth into a greater state of self-knowledge. Orpheus comes to know the reality of death and the limitations of his powers, while Conrad's narrator makes a transition from "being a stranger to the ship..., untried as yet by a position of the fullest responsibility" (273) such that "the comfort of quiet communion... was gone for good" (273), to "the perfect communion of a sea with his first command" (113; italics mine).

gene therapy :: essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gene Therapy Gene Therapy is the insertion of a gene or genes into cells in order to provide a new set of instructions to those cells. Gene insertion can be used to correct an inherited genetic defect which is causing disease, to counter or correct the effects of a genetic mutation, or even to program a cell for an entirely new function or property. Genes are composed of molecules of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA (see Nucleic Acids), and are usually located in the nucleus of cells. The instructions that direct the development of an organism are encoded within the genes. Some diseases such as cystic fibrosis are caused by an inherited genetic defect. Other diseases are caused by a miscoding of a gene so that the instructions it contains are disrupted or changed. Genetic miscoding occurs when the DNA in a cell is being duplicated during cell growth and division (somatic mutation) and is common when a cell becomes cancerous. Clinical use of gene therapy began on September 14, 1990, at the National I nstitute of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, when a four-year-old girl received gene therapy treatment for adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency, an ordinarily fatal inherited disease of the immune system. Because of this genetic defect she was susceptible to recurrent life-threatening infections. Gene therapy for this patient involved using a genetically modified virus to carry a normal ADA gene into her immune cells. The inserted ADA gene then programmed the cells to produce the missing ADA enzyme, which led to normal immune function in those cells. This treatment temporarily helped her to develop resistance to infection. Gene therapy may eventually provide effective treatment for many diseases that currently have no cure. These include inherited disorders such as cystic fibrosis, muscular dystrophy, and juvenile diabetes. In addition, gene therapy can also be used to treat many disorders that are not inherited, since gene insertion can also program a cell for an entirely new function . Several new therapies for non-genetic disorders are currently being tested.